Discuss the process of the police to investigate cognizable and non-cognizable offences.

Cognizable offence:

1. A cognizable offence is an offence in which a police officer can arrest an accused without a warrant.
2. A cognizable offence is punishable with the imprisonment of 3 years or upwards, or life imprisonment, or death sentence.
3. Examples: murder, rape, theft, etc.

Procedure of investigation by a police officer in ‘cognizable offence’:

1. Primarily, the First Information Report is prepared by a police officer.

The first step in criminal proceedings is the registration of FIR by a police officer. Section 154(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Hereinafter referred as “CrPC”) embodies that the information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence must be written by an officer in charge of the police station and must be read over to the informant.

2. A police officer can initiate an investigation without the order of a magistrate.

For investigating a cognizable offence, an officer in charge of the police station possesses the power to initiate an investigation without the order of a concerned magistrate. This power is conferred to him under Section 156 ________ ________ _________ ___ __________ _____ __________.
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