Illustrate how auxins regulate phototropism and gravitropism.

Auxins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, including phototropism and gravitropism. These two processes, which enable plants to respond to light and gravity, respectively, are essential for optimal plant orientation and growth. Auxins control these processes through their distribution and activity in plant cells, causing differential growth that allows the plant to orient itself appropriately in response to environmental stimuli.

Phototropism refers to the directional growth of a plant towards light. This phenomenon is most commonly observed in plant shoots, which grow towards light sources in order to maximize photosynthesis. The role of auxins in phototropism was first demonstrated by Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin in the 19th century. According to the classic model, auxins accumulate ______ _____ _______ _________ ___ _______ _______ _________ ___ _____ ______.
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