Give the reasons for the rise of the Magadha mahajanapada.

The mahajanapadas were located over a major part of the Ganga valley with a few to the north-west and south-west. However, of the four most powerful kingdoms, three – Kosala, the Vajji confederacy and Magadha — lay in the middle Ganga valley and the fourth, Avanti was in western Malwa. The kingdoms that surrounded Magadha were Anga in the east, the Vajji Confederacy to the north, to its immediate west the kingdom of Kashi and further west, the kingdom of Kosala.

Magadha can be identified with the modern districts of Patna, Gaya, Nalanda and parts of Shahabad in the present-day state of Bihar. Geographically, Magadha’s location was such that it had in its vicinity large tracts of alluvial soil. The soil could be easily cleared _______ ___ _____ ______ _______ ___ ______ _____ ___ ___.
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