What are the distinguishing features of Mature Harappan Culture? In what ways can it be distinguished from the Early Harappan culture?

Mature Harappan Culture

Harappan culture was a long complex process of evolution. It consists of three phases: Early, Mature and Late. The Early phase has been dealt with in the previous unit. Here in this unit we will be studying the Mature phase.

One of the distinguishing features of the Mature Harappan phase is its artefacts and technology (Possehl 2003). We have a new pottery (style, clay fabrics, vessel forms and painting), even though there may be some continuities with the earlier ones. There is an increasing use of metal and introduction of bronze. The new metallic objects include pots, pans, copper tablets, blades, fishhooks, razor and others. The use of baked bricks is very common and there is now standardization across the sites. There is expansion of bead making, widespread use of carnelian, and development of a complex technology to drill the hard stones. Along with this, there is usage of writing at all the sites. More than 4000 Indus inscriptions have been found. Sites like Harappa and Mohenjodaro; Ganweriwala in Cholistan; Dholavira in Kutch; and Rakhigarhi in Haryana were large settlements and symbolize aggregates of population.

The chief characteristic of this phase is its uniformity. The sites whether located in Baluchistan, Punjab or even Gujarat show usage of uniform kind of artefacts. All the buildings were made using bricks in proportion of 1:2:4. A common system of weights and measures was in use. The motifs on _______ _________ _______ _________ ________ ______ ______ __________ __________ ________ _______ ________.
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