Explain principle and steps involved in treatment of solid and liquid wastes in a food processing plant.

Principle involved in treatment of solid and liquid wastes in a food processing plant are -

1. Use raw materials of good quality;

2. Minimize wastage during handling, preparation and processing of raw materials and packaging of processed foods;

3. Use appropriate technology and process equipment to minimize energy consumption;

4. Minimize the wastage of water by reasonable care during preparation and processing without sacrificing quality; 

5. Use recyclable or biodegradable packaging material as far as possible;

6. Recycle raw material and process waste as far as possible;

7. Use appropriate technology to process the non-recyclable wastes preferably into usable inputs, products or energy.

These principles, if adhered to religiously and implemented intelligently will bring down costs, improve product quality, improve the image of the company and pay rich dividends to the owners of the company. 

Solid wastes after recycling to the extent possible has to be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. Biodegradable wastes are those which are organic or biological in origin. Non-biodegradable materials will include metals, plastics, paper-poly composites which cannot be decomposed by naturally occurring micro-organisms.

 Fruits, vegetables, dairy products, grains, bread, unbleached paper napkins, coffee filters, eggshells, meats and newspaper can be composted. Any material which can be eaten or grown in a field or garden, it can be composted. Items that cannot be composted include plastics, grease, glass, and metals -- including  plastic utensils, condiment packages, plastic wrap, plastic bags, foil, silverware, drinking straws, bottles, polystyrene or chemicals. Items such as red meat, bones and small amounts of paper are acceptable, but they take longer to decompose. Add red meat and bones to only a well-controlled compost pile to avoid attracting vermin, pests and insects to partially decomposed meat scraps.

Food waste is unique as a compost agent Food waste has unique properties as a raw compost agent. Because it has a high moisture content and low physical structure, it is important to mix fresh food waste __________ _____ _______ _____ __________ ______ ________ ________.
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