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Drosophila melanogaster, a model organism in genetics, exhibits a unique mechanism of sex determination primarily explained by the Genic Balance Theory. This theory, proposed by Calvin Bridges, is based on the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes, commonly referred to as the X:A ratio. In Drosophila, the X:A ratio determines sexual development rather than the mere presence of a Y chromosome. A ratio of 1.0, such as in individuals with two X chromosomes and two sets of autosomes (XX; 2A), leads to female development. A ratio of 0.5, as seen in XY; 2A individuals, results in male development. Intermediate ratios, like 0.67 (XXY; 3A) or 0.33 (X; 3A), produce intersex or sterile individuals, illustrating that both the X chromosome ____ ________ __________ ______ ___ _______ _____ ________.
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