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The concept of ‘interliterariness’ is a key theoretical tool in the understanding of Indian English literature, as well as the broader literary landscape of India. Coined by Slovak critic Dionýz Ďurišin, interliterariness refers to the interaction, interdependence, and interrelation between literatures across linguistic and cultural boundaries. In the context of India—a country with a multiplicity of languages, literary traditions, and cultural histories—interliterariness serves as a powerful framework to understand how Indian literatures are not isolated, but rather intertwined in complex networks of mutual influence and cultural dialogue. India's multilingual and multicultural character is the very foundation upon which its literary production is built. The Indian literary sphere includes classical languages like Sanskrit, Tamil, and Pali; medieval literatures in Persian, Urdu, and Braj; and modern literatures in over twenty officially recognized languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, and Malayalam. Alongside these, Indian English literature has emerged not in isolation, but as part of a dynamic interplay with these vernacular traditions. This complex environment makes interliterariness not merely a theoretical idea but a living reality in Indian literary practice. One of the earliest examples of interliterariness in Indian English literature can be found in the works of Raja Rao, R. K. Narayan, and Mulk Raj Anand. Though they wrote in English, their thematic concerns, narrative styles, idiomatic expressions, and cultural settings were deeply rooted in regional Indian contexts. Raja Rao’s *Kanthapura* (1938) exemplifies this interliterary dialogue. Although written in English, the novel employs the oral traditions of Kannada storytelling, including Sanskritized expressions, local idioms, and mythological references. Rao even states in his preface that Indian literature in English must retain the essence of Indian thought and expression, pointing toward an intrinsic interliterariness. Similarly, R. K. Narayan’s *Malgudi* novels draw heavily from South __________ ______ _______ __________ _________ __________ __________ _______ __________ ________ _________.
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