Word Count : 1168

---

Oral and written literatures represent two fundamental modes of literary expression, each with its unique characteristics, functions, and cultural significance. Both have played an essential role in the evolution of Indian English Literature and the broader literary tradition in India. To understand the distinction between oral and written literatures, it is crucial to analyze their definitions, forms, characteristics, transmission methods, and examples from Indian English Literature. Oral literature refers to the body of verbal art and storytelling that is transmitted through speech from one generation to another. It is primarily preserved in the memory of the community rather than in written or printed form. Oral literature encompasses folk tales, ballads, songs, myths, legends, proverbs, riddles, chants, and epics that are performed, sung, or recited in social or ritual contexts. It is inherently dynamic, as it often changes with each retelling to suit the audience, occasion, or the storyteller’s style. Written literature, on the other hand, is the body of literary works that are recorded in a permanent written form, whether through manuscripts, books, or digital text. It allows for a fixed, stable version of a literary work that can be reproduced and transmitted beyond the immediate context of its creation. Written literature includes poetry, novels, essays, plays, autobiographies, and other genres that depend on a script or written language for preservation. The first distinction between oral and written literatures lies in their mode of transmission. Oral literature is transmitted through performance and listening, which makes it highly dependent on the memory, voice, and creative skill of the performer or storyteller. Its life resides in its enactment, and it often requires communal participation, as seen in the recitation of folk songs or the performance of Ramleela in India. Written literature, by contrast, is ___ ____ ___ _________ ____.
__________ _____ _______ _____ _______ __________ __________ ____ ____ ____ ______ ________.
_______ _______ _______ ________ _________ ___ _______.
_______ ____ ______ ___ _____ _____ ____ _________ ______ __________ ______ ___.
___ _______ _______ ____ __________ __________ __________ _______ _____ ___ ___.
________ ____ _____ __________ ____ ___ __________ _____ ________ _______.
______ _____ ______ __________ _________ ____ ______ ________ ___ __________.
__________ ________ __________ _________ __________ ___ ______ ________ __________ _______ ____.
___ __________ ___ ___ _________ ________ __________ _____.
______ ___ ________ _______ __________.
______ ___ ________ ______ ______.
__________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _______ ________ _________ ________ __________ ___.
_____ ___ ______ ________ _______ _______ ______ _________ ___ ___.
_________ ____ ____ _______ _______ ___ ___ _________ __________.
_________ _______ _______ ____ _____ ______ _________ _______ ___ __________ __________ _____.
________ ___ _______ ________ ______ ______ __________ ___ ___.
_________ __________ ________ ________ ______ ______ ________ ___ _________.
____ _______ ________ ______ ___ ___ _________ _____.
____ ________ _____ ________ _____ _______ ____ ________ __________ ___ ______ __________.
_______ __________ ________ _________ _______ ___ __________ ____ ___ ________ _____.
________ __________ _______ __________ ________ __________ ______ ______ ___ _____ ______ ___.
_______ _______ _________ _______ ______ ______.
_________ _______ _______ ___ ______.
_____ ______ _______ _____ ___ ___ _____ _____ _________ _________ __________ _________.
_____ ________ ___ _____ ______ ________ ______.
______ ______ __________ ____ _________.
____ _________ ____ ____ _______ ___ _____ ______ ___ ___ ______ ______.
______ ________ __________ ___ _______ ________.
__________ ___ ___ _______ _________ ________ ________ _______ _________ ______ ________ _______.
_____ ____ ____ __________ _________ _________ ______ ____ ____.
_____ ___ ____ _____ _________ _____ ___ _______ ________ __________ _________.
____ ______ ________ ________ ___ _____ _________ _____ __________ ______ ______ ___.
________ _____ __________ _______ _______.
___ ______ _________ ____ ______.
_______ _____ ________ ____ ___ ___ __________ ____ ___ _______.
___ ______ _____ _____ _________.
________ _____ ________ _______ _______ ________ _______ _________ ______ ___ _______.
___ __________ __________ _________ _______ _____.
______ ___ _______ _____ _____ ______ __________ ____ _______ _________.
____ _________ ______ ________ _______ ___ ______ _________ _________ __________ _______.
___ ________ _________ _________ _________ ________ _______ __________ ________.
_________ __________ ______ ____ _______ _____ ___ ________.
_________ ________ _________ ___ ______ _______ ____ _______ _________ _____ __________.
________ __________ __________ _____ ______.
_________ _________ ______ ______ ____ _____.
___ _______ ___ ______ __________ ____ __________ ___.
__________ _________ ______ ______ __________ ________ __________ ________ __________ _____.
______ __________ _________ ______ ______.
______ ______ __________ ________ __________ _________ ______ ____ ________.
________ ______ __________ _________ _____ _______.
______ ________ ____ __________ _______ _________ ________ ___ _________ _____ _____.
_________ __________ ___ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ______ _________.
_________ ________ _________ _______ ________ _______ __________ ________ _______ _________ ________.
__________ _____ _____ ______ ________ ____ _________ ______.
_____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _________ ________.
______ ________ ________ __________ ___ _____ ____ ________ ______.
____ _____ ________ __________ __________ _____ _______.
_____ ___ ____ __________ ____ ______.
____ _______ _____ _______ ________ ___ _____ _________ ______ ________ _____.
__________ ____ ___ ______ _________ ________ ______ ________ ______.
______ __________ ___ ___ ___ _________ ___ _______.
______ _____ _____ __________ ____ ______ __________ _____.
_______ _______ ___ __________ ____ __________.
____ ____ ________ ___ ____ _____ __________ _____ _______ _________.
_________ ________ _______ ____ _______.
________ ______ ______ _____ __________ ______ ______ _________.
____ ____ _____ _______ ___ ______ ____ ____ ______.
_________ ______ __________ __________ _____ _____ _________ __________ ______ _______ _________ __________.
________ _________ ____ ________ ____ _________ ___ ____.
_______ ___ ___ ______ ________ ________ _______ ______ ____ ____ _______ ______.
______ _____ ________ _____ ______ ____ _______ _________ ___ _________ _______ ____.
___ __________ ______ _____ _______ __________ ______ _________ _____ _____ ____.
____ __________ ________ ______ ___.
__________ _________ ____ _______ ______ ________ ________ __________ ______ _________ ____.
___ ____ _________ ________ _____ ______.
_______ _________ ___ ______ _______ ___ ____ __________ ____.
________ _________ ___ _____ ________ _______ ___ _______ ______ __________ _____.
______ ____ _____ _______ ______ _________ _______ ___.
______ _____ ______ __________ ________ __________ _______ __________ ________ ____.
_____ ________ ________ __________ _______.
______ __________ _________ _______ ________ ___ ______ ______ _______ _______ ________.
________ __________ ___ _______ _______ _________ _______ _____ __________ _____ _____ ________.
_____ ______ _______ ___ ______ ________ ______ ___ _______ _________ _______ ______.
________ ______ __________ ________ ________ _____ _______ __________ ____ ____.
_________ __________ ____ ______ ____ ___ _________ _________ ____ __________.
__________ ________ ________ ____ ____ ___ _______.
________ ______ ____ _________ ________ _______.
________ _____ _________ ________ _____ ________ ________ ________.
_____ ____ __________ _______ _________ ________.
____ ________ ___ _______ _____ ____ ____.
_____ ____ _______ ______ __________ ____ ______ ______.
_______ ______ ___ _________ ______ _____ _______ _____ _________ _________ _______.
____ ____ ________ _____ _____ ______ ______ ____ _____ _______ ____.
____ __________ _______ __________ ____ ___ _______ ________.
_______ _______ _________ __________ _________ ______ __________ ________.
______ _____ __________ __________ ________ ______ _________ __________ _______.
________ _______ _______ _____ ________ ___ ______ ___ ______ ________.
_________ _______ ___ _____ _________ __________.
__________ __________ __________ _________ ____ ___ ______ ___ __________.
_______ _____ _________ _____ ___ ___ _____ ___.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp