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The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs), along with Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in Union Territories, play a central role in protecting environmental quality and safeguarding public health in India. Their functions are particularly important in healthcare waste management because improperly handled healthcare waste can contain infectious materials, toxic chemicals, sharps, pharmaceuticals and other hazardous substances. The activities of these institutions are governed mainly by the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and rules framed under the Environment (Protection) Act, including the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016. The Central Pollution Control Board is a statutory organisation functioning under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. It was established under the Water Act, 1974 and was subsequently entrusted with responsibilities under the Air Act and other environmental laws. CPCB provides technical guidance, develops standards and coordinates the activities of State Pollution Control Boards and Pollution Control Committees. It therefore has an important coordinating and supervisory role in implementing environmental protection programmes throughout the country. One of the major responsibilities of CPCB is to promote cleanliness of streams and wells and to improve the quality of air. It conducts and supports environmental monitoring, collects information about pollution levels and develops programmes for preventing and controlling pollution. It establishes or recommends environmental standards for emissions, effluents and waste management and provides technical guidance to regulatory authorities and industries. In relation to healthcare waste, CPCB has a particularly important role under the Bio-Medical _______ __________ ____ _________ _________ ______ _________ __________ ____.
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