Distinguish CMOs in Traditional Mode from their Modern Version. 

The Collective Management of Copyrights and Related Rights (CRR) have  advantages may be identified as arising out of a CMO administered set-up of Copyright and Related Rights in a traditional model:

a) yields market efficiencies which individual permission of the right-holders may not,

b) transaction costs for both user and the right holder are reduced,

c) maintenance and negotiation costs are far less with CMOs. With large number of users and low cost transactions, the cost of individual licensing is usually more than the fees collected for the purpose.

There are various models of CMOs working in the world and they range from entirely voluntary systems which depend only on arrangements between licensees and copyright owners (mostly prevalent in USA and other developed liberal countries), to compulsory or non-voluntary licensing systems, in which the license and the rate of payment are ______ __________ _______ __________ ____ ___ _____.
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