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The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of 1992 represent a landmark transformation in India’s democratic structure by providing constitutional status to local self-government institutions in rural and urban areas. These amendments were enacted with the objective of deepening democracy, promoting decentralisation, ensuring participatory governance, and bringing administration closer to the people. They institutionalised Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies as the third tier of governance, supplementing the Union and State governments. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act relates to rural local governance and inserted Part IX in the Constitution, titled “The Panchayats,” along with the Eleventh Schedule. One of its most salient features is the constitutional recognition of Panchayati Raj Institutions. Prior to this amendment, Panchayats existed largely as statutory bodies under state laws and were vulnerable to dissolution or neglect. By incorporating them into the Constitution, the amendment ensured their permanence, continuity, and uniformity across states, subject to local variations. A key feature of the 73rd Amendment is the establishment of a three-tier structure of Panchayati Raj Institutions in states having a population of more than twenty lakhs. This structure consists of the Gram Panchayat at the village level, the Panchayat Samiti or Block Panchayat at the intermediate level, and the Zila Parishad at the district level. States with a ___ _______ ______ ______ ________ ____ ________ ____ ______ ________ _____.
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