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The Indian national movement witnessed the active participation of various sections of society, including peasants, students, intelligentsia, and workers. Among these, the working class played a crucial but often understated role in the freedom struggle. Their involvement in the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34) and the Quit India Movement (1942) is significant in understanding the broader base of mass mobilization against British colonialism. The workers’ response to these two critical phases of the Indian national movement was shaped by their socio-economic conditions, ideological leanings, leadership guidance, and the changing nature of the political struggle. Workers and the Civil Disobedience Movement The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 with the historic Dandi March, aimed to break colonial laws and establish self-rule through non-violent resistance. The movement called upon Indians to refuse to obey unjust laws, boycott British goods, and defy government authority. Though it primarily mobilized the urban middle class and rural peasants, industrial workers, too, showed varying degrees of participation across regions. In major industrial centers like Bombay (now Mumbai), Calcutta (now Kolkata), and Madras (now Chennai), there was a notable surge in nationalist sentiment among workers. Trade unions, which had begun to grow in strength since the early 1920s, served as important channels for mobilizing workers. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), established in 1920, had strong nationalist elements and often aligned its demands with the broader goals of the Indian National Congress. However, during _________ _____ ___ _____ _____ _________ _________ _______.
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