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Traditional Public Administration (TPA) is the earliest and most influential model of public administration. It evolved during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to ensure efficient, lawful, and accountable functioning of government institutions. The model was shaped by the ideas of scholars such as Woodrow Wilson, Max Weber, Frederick W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Luther Gulick. It emphasizes hierarchy, specialization, rule-based functioning, and political neutrality in the administration of public affairs. The traditional model emerged in response to the need for professional and impartial administration. Before its development, public offices were often filled through patronage and favoritism. The merit _____ ____ __________ ________ _____ _______ ________ _________ _________ _____ ________ _______.
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