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Scheduled tribes in India constitute one of the most marginalized sections of society, facing numerous problems arising out of historical neglect, social discrimination, geographical isolation, and economic backwardness. Although they form around 8.6 percent of the total population of India, their contribution to cultural heritage, environmental preservation, and community life is immense. Yet, scheduled tribes continue to lag behind other social groups in most development indicators. The problems faced by them are not merely economic but also social, cultural, and political in nature, making their development a complex challenge in the Indian context. One of the foremost problems faced by scheduled tribes is geographical isolation. A large proportion of tribal communities live in remote forested areas, hilly regions, and other difficult terrains where infrastructure facilities such as roads, schools, health centers, and markets are limited. This physical isolation has cut them off from the mainstream of socio-economic development, restricting their access to education, healthcare, employment, and political participation. It also makes delivery of government programs less effective, as many schemes do not penetrate to the interiors where tribal communities reside. Another major problem is poverty and economic backwardness. Tribal people are heavily dependent on land and forest resources for their livelihood. However, their landholdings are small, fragmented, and often insecure due to lack of proper titles. Shifting cultivation, which is practiced by _______ ______ ____ _____ _______ ____.
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