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Pregnancy is a normal physiological process, but it is also a period in which the health of the woman and the developing fetus require continuous observation and appropriate care. Nursing care during pregnancy focuses on early identification of risks, promotion of maternal and fetal well-being, prevention of complications, health education, and preparation for safe delivery. A comprehensive health assessment should begin as early as possible and continue throughout the antenatal period. The first step is to obtain a detailed health history. The nurse should collect information about the woman's age, occupation, nutritional habits, lifestyle, previous illnesses, allergies, medications, immunization status, and family history of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hereditary disorders, and multiple pregnancies. Obstetric history is particularly important. The nurse should ask about previous pregnancies, abortions, stillbirths, premature births, mode of previous deliveries, birth weight of previous babies, and any complications experienced during earlier pregnancies. Menstrual history, including the last menstrual period, is used to estimate the gestational age and expected date of delivery. Information about the present pregnancy, including nausea, vomiting, bleeding, abdominal pain, headache, swelling, urinary symptoms, and fetal movements, should also be assessed. A complete physical ___ _________ _______ ____ _____ ______ _________ ______ ___ ___ _____ ____.
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