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# Common Environmental Health Hazards and Injuries in Health Care Waste Management Health care waste management (HCWM) is an essential component of safe health-care delivery because improper handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of health-care waste can create serious risks to workers, patients, visitors, the community and the environment. Health-care facilities generate different types of waste, including general waste, infectious waste, sharps, pathological waste, pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste and radioactive waste. If these wastes are not properly segregated and managed, they can cause environmental pollution, occupational injuries, infections and other adverse health effects. Worker safety and patient safety are therefore closely linked with effective health-care waste management. One of the most common environmental health hazards is the contamination of air. Open burning or inappropriate incineration of health-care waste can release smoke, particulate matter, toxic gases and other harmful substances into the atmosphere. Burning plastics containing chlorine may produce hazardous compounds such as dioxins and furans. Exposure to polluted air can cause eye irritation, respiratory problems, headaches and other health effects among health-care workers, patients and nearby communities. Modern treatment technologies, proper incinerator operation, emission control and avoidance of open burning are important measures for reducing these risks. Water pollution is another major environmental health concern. Infectious waste, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and untreated liquid waste may enter surface water or _____ _____ ________ _____ ________ _______ _____ ___ ____ ___ _______.
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