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Integrated Plant Nutrition Management (IPNM) is a holistic and sustainable approach to plant nutrient management that aims to maintain or enhance soil fertility and crop productivity through the judicious and balanced use of all available nutrient sources. It involves the combined application of chemical fertilizers, organic manures, crop residues, green manures, biofertilizers, and other locally available nutrient resources in an integrated manner. The primary objective of IPNM is to optimize nutrient use efficiency, minimize nutrient losses, maintain soil health, and ensure long-term agricultural sustainability without degrading the environment. Agricultural soils continuously lose nutrients due to crop uptake, leaching, erosion, volatilization, and other processes. In intensive farming systems, exclusive reliance on chemical fertilizers often leads to nutrient imbalances, decline in soil organic matter, deterioration of soil structure, and reduced biological activity. On the other hand, sole dependence on organic sources may not meet the nutrient demands of high-yielding varieties. IPNM addresses these challenges by integrating various nutrient sources in a scientifically planned manner based on soil testing, crop requirement, and agro-climatic conditions. One of the major components of IPNM is chemical fertilizers. These are concentrated sources of essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), along with secondary and micronutrients. Chemical fertilizers provide nutrients in readily available forms, ensuring immediate supply to crops and supporting high productivity. However, in IPNM, fertilizers are applied in balanced proportions based on soil test recommendations and crop demand. Split application of nitrogen, placement methods, and use of slow-release fertilizers are encouraged to improve nutrient use efficiency and ________ _____ ______ _________ _______ ________.
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