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Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) is an approach in which farmers and water users actively participate in the planning, operation, maintenance, and management of irrigation systems, particularly at the tertiary or distributary level. It involves the transfer of certain responsibilities and authority from government irrigation departments to organized groups of farmers, commonly known as Water Users’ Associations (WUAs). The concept is based on the belief that involving beneficiaries directly in irrigation management leads to more efficient utilization of water resources, better maintenance of infrastructure, equitable water distribution, and improved agricultural productivity. PIM represents a shift from centralized, top-down management to a decentralized and community-based system that emphasizes shared responsibility and collective decision-making. The primary objective of Participatory Irrigation Management is to enhance the efficiency of irrigation water use in agriculture. By involving farmers in water allocation and scheduling, the system aims to reduce water losses due to seepage, over-irrigation, and mismanagement. Another important objective is to ensure equitable distribution of water among head, middle, and tail-end farmers. In conventional systems, tail-end farmers often suffer from inadequate supply due to unauthorized withdrawals or poor ______ ____ _________ ______ _______ ____ ___ ______ __________.
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