Discuss biotransformation of toxicants in our body and excretion of toxicants.

Biotransformation of toxicants in the human body is a critical process in food toxicology and public health because it determines how harmful substances from food and the environment are converted into less harmful or more easily excreted forms. When toxicants enter the body — whether through contaminated food, environmental exposure, or accidental ingestion — they rarely remain in their original form. Instead, the body uses a complex system of metabolic reactions, mainly in the liver, to modify these toxicants. This modification process is known as biotransformation or metabolism of xenobiotics.

The primary aim of biotransformation is to make toxicants more water-soluble so they can be easily eliminated. This ____ ____ __________ _______ ____ _____ _______ ________ ______ _______ _________ __________.
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