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Biotransformation of toxicants in the human body is a critical process in food toxicology and public health because it determines how harmful substances from food and the environment are converted into less harmful or more easily excreted forms. When toxicants enter the body — whether through contaminated food, environmental exposure, or accidental ingestion — they rarely remain in their original form. Instead, the body uses a complex system of metabolic reactions, mainly in the liver, to modify these toxicants. This modification process is known as biotransformation or metabolism of xenobiotics.

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