Briefly explain the factors that contribute to emergence of food borne diseases. List the steps of an food borne disease outbreak investigation.

The emergence of foodborne diseases is a growing public health concern globally and can be attributed to a combination of various environmental, biological, technological, and socio-economic factors. Understanding these contributing elements is essential in food toxicology and public health to design effective prevention and intervention strategies.

One of the primary factors is globalization of the food supply. The import and export of food items across countries increase the risk of contamination due to differences in regulatory standards, poor hygiene practices during transportation, and cross-contamination during handling. Additionally, increased consumption of ready-to-eat and minimally processed foods has heightened vulnerability to microbial pathogens, as such products often bypass thorough cooking or sterilization processes.

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