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Process theories of motivation focus on the cognitive processes that influence individual choices and behavior in an organizational setting. These theories attempt to explain how and why employees are motivated to act in certain ways based on their expectations, perceptions, and interpretations of their work environment. Two major process theories of motivation are Vroom’s Expectancy Theory and Adams’ Equity Theory. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, developed by Victor Vroom, is based on the idea that individuals make conscious choices regarding their behavior based on expected outcomes. The theory suggests that motivation is the result of three components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy is the belief that effort will lead to performance; it depends on the individual’s past experience, self-confidence, _________ __________ _____ ____ ________ _______.
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