Describe various dimensions of urban crime. Suggest measures for strengthening urban safety and security.

Cities have been associated with prosperity and power since time immemorial. As a result, they have also been targets of high threat. Further, they are also agglomerations of people and resources of various kinds. They lend a certain anonymity to people and thus just as cities encourage innovations, cities also facilitate the commission of crime and deviant behavior. Contradictorily, cities also are a site of regulation and maintenance of law and order. It is these contradictions that shape the various trajectories of crime and safety through different periods in history.

Important points to us that the history of crime and punishment has as much to do with the perpetuation of institutions of power and control in society as the knowledge of how to punish and regulate more effectively. This means three things. Firstly, the definition of what constitutes crime and the labeling of criminals is a social act. For example, encroachment is a crime, because there is a law that accepts private property. Bigamy becomes a crime only when society places a value on monogamy. Our evolving understanding of what constitutes crime thus actively shapes trajectories of crime. Secondly, the distribution of power and control in society moulds the labeling of criminals, justicing and punishment. The contours of crime and who are the criminals and which criminals get apprehended and punished thus closely follow the contours of power and control. Lastly, the knowledge of technologies that can aid control and punishment is another aspect of evolving trajectories of safety.

The understanding of crime in current day society has become highly sophisticated. Thus, the various forms of crime that we have today include amniocentesis, white collar crime such as trade malpractices, corruption, crimes perpetrated through internet and mobile telephony to acts such as murder,  harassment to crimes against property and assets.

Technologies now play a role both in commission of crime as well as in its detection and safety. __________ ______ _______ ____ ______ __________ __________ ________ _________ _______ __________ _________.
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