Question

Describe the technique of CRISPR/Cas 9 based targeted genome editing.

22 Aug 2024
Answer :
Word Count : 631

CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized the field of genetics and molecular biology by providing a precise and efficient method for targeted genome editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, derived from bacterial adaptive immune mechanisms, allows researchers to modify the DNA of virtually any organism with high accuracy. Here's a detailed description of the technique:

1. The Basics of CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, while Cas9 is a CRISPR-associated protein 9. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was originally discovered in bacteria, where it functions as an adaptive immune mechanism against viral infections. In essence, it uses short RNA sequences to guide the Cas9 enzyme to specific DNA sequences, where it introduces double-stranded breaks.

2. Components of the CRISPR/Cas9 System

The CRISPR/Cas9 system comprises two key components:

- Guide RNA (gRNA): This is a synthetic RNA molecule designed to match a specific DNA sequence in the target genome. The gRNA consists of two parts: the CRISPR RNA (crRNA), which __________ ____ ________ ________ ______ _________ _________ ___ __________.
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