What is mutation? Describe the two general classes of gene mutations.

Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. This alteration can occur in a single nucleotide or affect a larger segment of DNA. Mutations can arise naturally due to errors during DNA replication or be induced by external factors like radiation, chemicals, or viruses. These changes can lead to various consequences, ranging from no effect to significant alterations in an organism's traits or even its survival.

Two General Classes of Gene Mutations:

1. Point Mutations:
   Point mutations are the most common type of gene mutation, involving changes in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence. They are categorized into three ________ ___ _________ __________ _____ _______ ___ ____.
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