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Community participation refers to the active involvement of individuals, groups, and local institutions in identifying problems, making decisions, planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating activities that affect their lives. In the context of reconstruction, rehabilitation, and recovery after disasters, community participation is essential because the affected people possess firsthand knowledge of local conditions, available resources, cultural practices, vulnerabilities, and priorities. Their participation ensures that recovery efforts are inclusive, sustainable, and responsive to the actual needs of the community rather than assumptions made by external agencies. Community participation strengthens ownership of recovery programmes. When people contribute to planning and implementation, they develop a sense of responsibility toward maintaining reconstructed infrastructure and community assets. It also promotes transparency, accountability, trust, and cooperation among government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and local residents. Participation empowers vulnerable groups such as women, children, elderly persons, persons with disabilities, __________ ________ _______ _____ ____.
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