Compare different fuel cells based upon efficiency, operating temperature and fuel used.

Fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy from fuels directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Different types of fuel cells vary based on their efficiency, operating temperature, and the type of fuel used. The most common types of fuel cells are Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC). Each of these fuel cells has distinct characteristics that make them suitable for different applications.

1. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells:
PEM fuel cells are known for their high efficiency, typically ranging from 40-60%, and can achieve higher efficiencies in combined heat and power (CHP) applications. They operate at low temperatures, typically between 60°C to 100°C, which allows for faster start-up times and makes them ideal for automotive and portable applications. The fuel used in PEM fuel cells is usually hydrogen, though they can also work with methanol in some configurations. Hydrogen is ideal because it produces only water as a _______ ______ ______ ______ _____ ____ _________ __________ _______ __________ __________.
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