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# Participation of Women in the National Movement The participation of women in the Indian national movement was one of the most significant developments in the evolution of social structures in India. Although Indian society had long been shaped by patriarchal customs, the freedom struggle created new opportunities for women to enter public life, challenge traditional gender roles, and participate in political activities. Their involvement developed gradually from social and religious reform movements in the nineteenth century to mass participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement, revolutionary activities, and various constructive programmes. Women belonging to different regions, classes, communities and social backgrounds contributed to the national cause, although their participation was neither uniform nor completely free from social limitations. In the nineteenth century, the emergence of social reform movements created an important foundation for women's participation in public affairs. Reformers such as Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Jyotirao Phule and others challenged practices such as sati, child marriage, female illiteracy and restrictions on widow remarriage. The spread of female education produced a small but influential group of educated women who later became associated with political and nationalist activities. Women such as Savitribai Phule played a pioneering role in women's education and social emancipation. The growth of educated middle-class women gradually enabled them to move beyond the domestic sphere and engage with wider social questions. The rise of Indian nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries provided another important avenue for women's political participation. During the Swadeshi Movement following the partition of Bengal in 1905, women participated in boycotting foreign goods, promoting indigenous _____ _______ _________ _________ __________ ________ _____ ______ _______ _____.
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