Word Count : 1156

---

Fred W. Riggs, a prominent scholar in the field of comparative public administration, developed the Fused-Prismatic-Diffracted model to explain the structural and functional characteristics of administrative systems, particularly in developing countries. His model draws on ecological and structural-functional approaches, aiming to understand how societies evolve and how administrative structures transform as societies move from traditional to modern stages. The model conceptualizes societal development in terms of three ideal types—Fused, Prismatic, and Diffracted—each representing a stage in the socio-administrative continuum. Although these types are idealized, they help in comparing and analyzing real-world administrative systems. The Fused Model represents traditional, agrarian, and largely undifferentiated societies. In such societies, the structures of governance, religion, economy, and social order are merged into a single, unified system. There is little separation between political and administrative roles, and formal institutions are underdeveloped. Decision-making is largely personal, hierarchical, and influenced by kinship, religion, and customs. Bureaucracy in fused societies is minimal and lacks specialization. Communication patterns are informal, and authority is derived primarily from tradition rather than legal-rational norms. This stage is characterized by simplicity and stability but lacks adaptability to modern, complex demands. The Prismatic Model represents societies in transition from traditional to modern. These are often developing countries experiencing the pressures of modernization while still retaining significant traditional features. The term "prismatic" refers to the refracted, uneven, and overlapping nature of structures in such societies, much __________ ______ _______ ____ _________ ___ ________ ______ _________ _________.
_____ ______ _________ _______ ______ ______ _________ ________ _____ ___ ____ _______.
__________ _________ _______ ______ _________ ___ ___ _____ __________ __________.
_____ ______ _______ ________ _________ _____ ________ __________ _________.
____ ______ ________ ________ ________ ____ _____ ______ ___ ___ ________ ______.
__________ ______ ___ __________ ___ _________ _____ __________ _________ _______.
__________ __________ ___ ___ _____ _________ _______.
___ ______ _________ _________ ____ ___ ______.
_________ _______ _____ ______ ____ ______.
_____ ______ _____ _______ ______ _____.
__________ ________ _________ ______ ___.
______ _______ _________ ___ ________ ____ _______ __________ _______ _______ ______ _____.
_____ ___ ______ ______ __________ _______.
____ __________ ____ _______ ________ __________ _______ ________ ____ ___.
___ ____ _________ ______ ______ __________ ___ __________ __________.
_______ _______ ________ _____ _______ _____ ________ ____ ___.
____ __________ ___ _________ __________ ________ ______ _____ _____ ________ _______.
__________ ____ ___ ____ _____ ____ ________ _______.
______ _______ ______ ________ _____ ____.
_______ ______ ___ ______ _______ ______ ____ _______ _______.
________ __________ __________ __________ ___ _________ _________.
________ _________ ____ ___ ______ _________ _________ _______ _____.
____ __________ _________ _______ ___ ______ ______ _________ __________ _________ __________.
_____ ____ ___ ___ _________ ____ _______ ___ ______ __________ ____.
_____ _______ _______ ___ __________ _________.
______ _______ ________ ___ _____ _________ _______ ___ _______ ___.
____ _____ _______ ________ __________ _______.
_______ ____ __________ __________ ____ _______.
________ ______ ____ _____ _________ _______ ________ __________ _____ ___ _____.
__________ _____ _______ ___ ___ ____.
_______ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ ___ _________ ____.
_________ ___ ______ __________ ___.
_________ _______ ___ _________ ____ ____ __________.
_________ ___ _______ _____ __________ ________ _________ ____.
__________ ______ ____ _______ _______ ________ ________ __________ _________ _________ ____.
___ _________ __________ ____ ________ _____ ________ ______ ______.
_____ _______ ___ ______ ________ __________ ____ ______ ______ ___ ________.
_____ __________ __________ ______ ___ ______ _________ __________ _____ _______ ______.
___ __________ ___ _________ _________ ___.
__________ ___ ____ _________ _________ _________.
_________ ______ _________ ____ ____ ________ _____ _______ _________ _________ ____.
____ ________ __________ _________ _____ _________ _____ ___ _____ ___ _____ _______.
___ ______ _________ ________ ___ _______ _______ ____ _________ ___.
___ _________ ________ ___ ___ ____ ________ ________ _______ ______ _____ _______.
________ ________ _____ __________ ______ _______ _______.
_____ _________ ______ __________ _____.
_________ ____ _______ _________ _____ ________ _____ _____.
___ ___ ______ ______ ________ ___ ________ _________ __________ ________ ______.
___ _____ __________ _____ ______ ___ __________ _____ _______ __________.
_________ _____ ____ _____ ___.
________ _________ ____ ___ __________ _______ _______ _____ _____ _________ ___ ___.
_____ __________ ____ __________ ____.
_________ ______ ________ ________ _________ __________ _________ _____ ____ __________ _________.
____ _______ ___ _________ ____.
____ _________ _______ ____ ___ ____ ____ ___.
______ ______ __________ _____ __________ _________ ___ ___.
________ __________ __________ __________ ______ __________ ________ ___ __________ _____.
_______ ______ _______ ______ ______ ____ __________ ____ _____.
______ ____ ____ _________ _____ _____.
_________ ______ _____ _____ ______ __________.
____ ________ ______ ______ ____ _______ ______ __________ ________ ___ _____.
_________ ___ _____ ____ _________.
_______ _________ _________ _______ ________ _________ __________.
_____ _____ __________ ___ ______ _________ ____ __________ _____.
_________ _________ _____ _____ ________ _________ ________ _____.
____ __________ __________ ___ _______.
_______ _____ ________ ________ __________ __________ _____.
________ ____ ___ ___ ___ _________ ___.
____ ______ ________ ______ __________ ________ _________ ______ _____ _________.
_____ __________ _________ __________ _______ __________ __________ ____ ________ ___.
_________ ___ ______ __________ _______ __________.
____ _____ ________ ____ _____ ___ _______ ________ _____ _____ ___.
_____ ________ _____ _______ ____ _______ _________ ________ ______ ____ _________ __________.
___ _____ ______ ___ __________ ______.
___ ____ _________ ________ __________ _______ _____ _________ _________ ____.
_____ _______ __________ _____ ____ _____.
_______ ____ ______ _______ ______ _________.
_______ ___ _________ _______ ______ _____ _____.
________ _______ ______ __________ _______ _______ _____.
______ __________ ________ _____ ___ __________ ________ _________ _________ _____ ____ _________.
__________ ________ __________ ______ ________ _____ _____ _______ _____ _______ _____ _____.
__________ _____ ___ _____ ___ __________ ___ ______ __________ _________ ____.
__________ ______ ____ ________ ______ _______ _________ ________ ______ ______ ______.
_____ ___ _______ _________ ____ __________ ____ ____ _______ ________.
__________ __________ _____ _____ _____ _________ _________ _______ ____ ________.
___ ____ _____ _______ ___ _____ _________ _____ ______ ___ __________ _______.
_____ ________ _______ ____ _______ _________ _______ __________ ___ ______ ______.
_____ ___ ________ ______ ________.
______ __________ ________ _________ _______ __________.
______ _______ ______ _____ __________ _________ _________ __________ ____ _____ ______.
__________ _______ _________ ____ _________.
_______ __________ _______ _____ ___ ________ _____ ____ _________ _______ _______.
_____ ___ ___ ___ ____ _____ ______ __________.
_____ ______ ___ ________ ____ ______.
________ _____ ________ ___ __________ ________ ____ ____ ____ ___ _____ ________.
_________ __________ ______ _______ __________ _____ _____ ________ _____ _________ ________ ______.
______ __________ ________ ____ ___ ________ _______ __________ _____ ________ _____ ______.
______ ________ ____ ___ ___ __________ _________ _________ __________ _____ _____ _______.
___ _______ ____ ___ ____ __________ _____ ___ _______ ___.
____ _____ ________ ____ _____ _______ ___.
_______ ___ _____ ______ _____ ___ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___.
______ ____ _________ ______ ____ _________ __________ ___ ____ ________ ______ _______.
___ __________ _____ _________ ______ _____ ________ ____ ___ ______ ___ _________.
_________ _________ ____ ______ __________ __________.
_______ ________ ____ ________ _____.
___ _____ ____ __________ ________ _____ ________ ____ ____ ____ ____.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp