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Urban Sociology in India has developed as an important branch of sociology that studies urbanisation, urban social structures, institutions, communities, inequalities, and the changing patterns of human relationships in cities. Its growth has been closely linked with the process of industrialisation, migration, colonial urban development, and post-independence economic transformation. Indian Urban Sociology has evolved from descriptive studies of cities to more critical analyses of urban poverty, social exclusion, governance, and the challenges of rapid urban growth. The early development of Urban Sociology in India can be traced to the colonial period when cities were studied mainly by administrators, economists, and anthropologists. British scholars focused on urban planning, demographic changes, and administrative problems of cities such as Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras. These studies provided useful information about urban growth but lacked a sociological understanding of urban social relations. After independence, rapid urbanisation and industrial development created the need for systematic sociological studies of _________ _____ _____ _________ ________ __________.
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