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Slums are a characteristic feature of rapid urbanization in developing countries, emerging from the interaction of poverty, migration, inadequate housing, and weak urban planning. In urban sociology, slums are viewed not merely as physical settlements but as socio-economic spaces shaped by inequality, exclusion, and the informal economy. Managing and improving slums requires approaches that balance physical infrastructure development with social justice, economic inclusion, and community participation. India has experimented with multiple strategies, each producing varied outcomes. The earliest approach was slum clearance and eviction, which regarded slums as illegal encroachments and obstacles to urban modernization. Governments demolished slums and relocated residents to peripheral areas. While this improved city aesthetics and released valuable urban land, it often displaced vulnerable ___ _________ _____ __________ ______ __________ _______ ______ ____ _____ ___.
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