How did industrial relations evolve and how it got affected by ILO?

Industrial relations (IR) evolved significantly over the course of time, shaped by economic, social, and political forces. Initially, in the pre-industrial era, the relationship between employers and workers was largely informal. Workers were often self-employed or worked in small-scale artisanal settings. As industries began to grow during the Industrial Revolution, the relationship between employers and workers became more formalized. This shift gave rise to a distinct field of study and practice now known as industrial relations, which deals with the interactions between employers, employees, trade unions, and the government.

The early stages of industrial relations were marked by poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages for workers, especially in factories. In response to these conditions, workers began organizing themselves into trade unions ________ __________ ________ __________ ________ _____ __________.
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