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Climate change has become one of the most significant global environmental challenges, profoundly affecting the ocean ecosystem. Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and play a critical role in regulating the planet's climate, supporting biodiversity, and providing resources for human survival. The rising levels of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, have triggered shifts in temperature, acidity, and circulation patterns in the ocean, which collectively disrupt the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. One of the most immediate impacts of climate change on oceans is the rise in sea surface temperatures. Ocean warming affects marine species in multiple ways. Many fish, invertebrates, and plankton have specific temperature ranges within which they can survive and reproduce. Even small increases in temperature can alter breeding patterns, migration routes, and feeding behaviors. For instance, coral reefs, which are highly sensitive to temperature changes, experience mass bleaching events when exposed to prolonged elevated temperatures. Coral bleaching occurs when the symbiotic algae living within coral tissues are expelled due to stress, leading to a loss of color and, more importantly, a decrease in energy sources for corals. This weakens the coral structures, making them more susceptible to diseases and reducing biodiversity because reefs provide habitat for ________ _____ ________ ____ _________ __________ ___ _______ _____ ________.
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