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Gender mainstreaming, as a strategy for achieving gender equality, involves integrating a gender perspective into all policies, programmes, and institutional practices. In India, the implementation of gender mainstreaming has been acknowledged in various policy frameworks, such as the National Policy for Women and the Gender Budgeting initiatives. However, despite these efforts, several challenges persist that hinder the effective operationalization of gender mainstreaming strategies. One of the primary problems in the implementation of gender mainstreaming in India is the lack of political will and commitment at various levels of governance. While gender equity is often rhetorically endorsed, in practice it is frequently relegated to the margins of policy implementation. Many officials treat gender concerns as secondary, leading to tokenistic or symbolic inclusion rather than meaningful integration. The political leadership often views gender issues as the responsibility of specific ministries, particularly the Ministry of Women and Child Development, rather than as a cross-cutting concern that should inform every sector of governance. Institutional resistance and patriarchal attitudes among bureaucrats and policymakers also pose significant obstacles. Many decision-makers lack gender sensitivity and often perceive gender mainstreaming as a threat to existing power hierarchies. This results in passive resistance or active neglect of gender-related directives. The gender biases embedded within institutional structures lead to the invisibilisation of women’s needs, especially those of marginalized groups such as Dalit women, Adivasi women, and women with disabilities. Another major challenge is the lack of gender-disaggregated data, which is critical for designing, implementing, and evaluating gender-sensitive policies. Many departments and ministries do not collect or analyze data based on gender, which makes it difficult to assess the specific impact of policies on men and women. Without robust data, gender analysis remains weak or absent ______ _____ _____ _________ ___ __________ _____.
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