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Gender mainstreaming refers to the systematic integration of gender perspectives and the consideration of the implications for women and men in all policies, programs, and projects. It aims to promote gender equality and eliminate gender-based discrimination. Both the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank have played pivotal roles in embedding gender mainstreaming within their institutional frameworks and operational activities. Over the years, they have taken significant steps to make gender equality a central concern in development planning, implementation, and evaluation. Gender Mainstreaming in the United Nations The United Nations formally adopted gender mainstreaming as a strategy for promoting gender equality at the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The resulting Beijing Platform for Action emphasized the need for integrating gender perspectives into all areas of UN activity. Following this, the UN system adopted a range of strategies and frameworks to implement gender mainstreaming across its various organs. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) defined gender mainstreaming in its 1997 agreed conclusions (1997/2), establishing that all UN bodies must incorporate gender perspectives in their work. This included analysis of gender-specific impacts of decisions, systematic collection of sex-disaggregated data, and the involvement of gender experts in planning and evaluation. Within the UN, several entities were established or restructured to promote gender equality. Notably, the creation of UN Women in 2010 marked a consolidation of various gender-related entities such as UNIFEM, DAW, OSAGI, and INSTRAW into a single body. UN Women has been instrumental in promoting gender mainstreaming by supporting member states, coordinating gender equality efforts within the UN system, and advocating for the inclusion of women’s rights in international frameworks. UN Women has also collaborated with other UN agencies, such as the UNDP, UNICEF, and WHO, to ensure that gender perspectives are integrated into program planning and execution. For example, gender-responsive budgeting _________ ______ _____ _____ _________ _____ _______.
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