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The shift in policy approaches towards women, from welfare to empowerment, reflects a transformative evolution in development thinking and gender discourse over the past several decades. This transition has been critically influenced by the Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD) frameworks, both of which represent distinct paradigms that have shaped gender mainstreaming in policy-making, program implementation, and international development agendas. The Women in Development (WID) approach emerged in the early 1970s as a response to the marginalization of women in development processes. Prior to this period, development policies largely ignored the specific needs and contributions of women, operating under the assumption that benefits from economic development would automatically trickle down to all, including women. The WID approach challenged this by emphasizing the need to integrate women into existing development projects, recognizing their productive roles and advocating for women-specific initiatives. WID was largely influenced by liberal feminist perspectives, which demanded equal opportunities for women in education, employment, and political representation. The WID approach primarily adopted a welfare-oriented framework in its initial stages. Women were viewed as passive recipients of aid, particularly in their roles _________ __________ __________ _________ __________ ____ ____ ________ ___ _____ ______ __________.
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