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Organizations operate within structured frameworks that determine how they function, interact, and achieve goals. Over time, various models have evolved to explain organizational structures, management philosophies, employee behaviors, and systems of authority. Each model reflects different assumptions about human behavior, work processes, and organizational efficiency. Understanding these models is essential in the field of Organizational Behaviour (OB), as they guide managerial practices and influence organizational outcomes. The models of organization can broadly be classified into the following major types: 1. Autocratic Model 2. Custodial Model 3. Supportive Model 4. Collegial Model 5. System Model These five models were introduced by Keith Davis and are often considered foundational in organizational behavior. In addition, modern perspectives include the Contingency Model, Bureaucratic Model, Scientific Management Model, Human Relations Model, and Systems Theory Approach. Each model offers different insights into leadership, motivation, structure, and the dynamics of employer-employee relationships. --- ### 1. Autocratic Model The autocratic model is based on power and authority. It assumes that the manager knows best and employees must follow orders. This model is characterized by a top-down approach where decision-making rests solely with management. Assumptions and Features: * Management has formal authority over subordinates. * Employees are expected to obey instructions without questioning. * Motivation is primarily through fear and the desire to survive (i.e., economic necessity). * There is little emphasis on employee initiative or satisfaction. Behavioral Implications: * Employees are dependent on the boss. * Performance is often minimal, just enough to keep ______ _______ ______ ______ ________ __________ _________ _____ _________ ____ _______.
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