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Participatory risk assessment methods are community-centered approaches that actively involve local people in identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing risks affecting their lives, livelihoods, and environment. These methods recognize that communities possess rich indigenous knowledge about local hazards, vulnerabilities, and coping strategies. In the context of Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Analysis, participatory approaches enhance accuracy, ownership, transparency, and sustainability of risk reduction measures. One widely used method is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). PRA employs tools such as social mapping, resource mapping, seasonal calendars, transect walks, and problem ranking. Social mapping helps identify vulnerable households, marginalized groups, and critical infrastructure. Resource mapping highlights natural and physical assets exposed to hazards. Seasonal calendars reveal patterns of floods, droughts, diseases, or income fluctuations across the year. Transect walks allow community members and facilitators to observe risk-prone ____ _________ __________ _______ _______ ___ __________ ____ ______ _________.
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