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The idea of democratic decentralisation in India has its roots in the belief that power should not remain concentrated in the hands of a central authority but must be shared with the people at the grassroots. India, as the largest democracy in the world, recognized early on that a representative system of governance would not be truly meaningful unless people at the village and local levels were directly involved in decision-making. The journey of democratic decentralisation has been gradual, shaped by historical experiences, political ideologies, constitutional provisions, and people’s aspirations for participatory governance. Its evolution and significance can be understood by tracing its trajectory from pre-independence ideas to the institutionalisation of Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies, and by examining the transformative role it has played in strengthening democracy and development in India. The concept of decentralisation is not new to India. Ancient Indian society had traditions of local self-governing institutions such as sabhas and samitis in villages, which functioned as decision-making bodies. These traditional institutions, however, weakened during the medieval period and further declined under British rule. The British administration, while establishing a centralized bureaucratic system, introduced local bodies largely to serve administrative and fiscal purposes rather than genuine democratic empowerment. For instance, Lord Ripon’s Resolution of 1882 is often considered the first formal attempt to introduce local self-government in India, as it recommended greater representation of elected members in local bodies. However, British initiatives remained half-hearted and primarily aimed at administrative convenience. After independence, the leaders of the new ___ _______ __________ _____ __________ _________.
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