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Local government represents the most accessible and direct form of governance for citizens, as it functions closest to their daily lives. It is the administrative authority responsible for addressing local needs, managing community resources, and ensuring citizen participation in the decision-making process. Decentralisation lies at the heart of this system, as it disperses authority from central or state governments to smaller, more localised bodies. By doing so, governance becomes more participatory, transparent, and responsive to grassroots concerns. The structure, powers, and functions of local governments are shaped by historical experiences, constitutional mandates, and socio-economic conditions, but their primary aim remains the same: to create a platform for democratic participation and effective service delivery at the local level. The structure of local government is generally divided into rural and urban categories. In rural areas, the system is organised in a three-tier framework consisting of the Gram Panchayat at the village level, the Panchayat Samiti at the block or intermediate level, and the Zila Parishad at the district level. This three-tier system ensures that governance is not concentrated at a single level but is distributed across multiple tiers to ensure accountability and representation. The Gram Panchayat, composed of elected representatives from the village, acts as the basic unit of self-government. It is headed by a Sarpanch or Pradhan, who is elected directly by the villagers. At the block level, the Panchayat Samiti coordinates the activities of various Gram Panchayats, and the Zila Parishad at the district level supervises and integrates development plans for the entire district. In urban areas, the structure of local government differs in accordance with the size and population of the settlement. For smaller towns, Nagar Panchayats are constituted to manage the transition from rural to urban living conditions. Larger towns and medium-sized cities are governed _________ _________ _________ ________ _____ ______ _________ _____ ________ ___.
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