Discuss in brief various privileges and rights enshrined in Indian constitutions for fair labour practices? How employer organisation, manager union and trade union in India has transformed the relation of employer and employee.

The Indian Constitution provides a comprehensive framework to ensure fair labour practices, emphasizing the dignity of labour and safeguarding the rights of both employers and employees. Several provisions, particularly within the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Rights, lay the foundation for equitable employment relations.

Fundamental Rights under Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, and 23 of the Constitution guarantee equality before law, prohibit discrimination, ensure equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, allow freedom of association, and prohibit forced labour. Article 19(1)(c), in particular, provides the right to form associations or unions, which is crucial for trade union activities. Article 21 ensures the right to life and personal liberty, which has been interpreted to include the right to livelihood and safe working conditions.

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