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Kerala has been recognized as a pioneering state in India for its experiments in democratic decentralization and participatory planning. The process of decentralization in Kerala is most prominently associated with the People’s Planning Campaign (PPC) initiated in 1996, which sought to transfer a substantial part of state planning and resource allocation to the local governments. This unique initiative emphasized the role of grassroots institutions, people’s participation, and bottom-up planning in local development. The features of Kerala’s democratic decentralization are deeply rooted in its socio-political context, historical movements, and progressive policy interventions, making it a model for participatory governance across the country. One of the most significant features of Kerala’s democratic decentralization planning process is the extensive devolution of powers and resources to local self-governing institutions. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments provided the broad framework for Panchayati Raj and urban local governance in India, but Kerala went beyond these mandates by devolving nearly 35 to 40 percent of its state plan funds to local bodies. This financial devolution gave real authority to local governments to undertake planning and implementation of projects based on local priorities, unlike in many other states where decentralization was largely symbolic. The principle underlying this devolution was that local communities, being closer to their developmental challenges, were better placed to identify their needs and devise solutions. Another important feature of the Kerala model is its emphasis on participatory planning through Grama Sabhas and ward committees. The Grama Sabha became the foundational unit of planning, where ordinary citizens directly ______ ___ ______ __________ _____ ________ _____ ___ _________ ____.
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