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The relationship between art and knowledge systems (गानयज्ञान) during the period c.1206–1550 in Indian history, particularly during the Delhi Sultanate and early regional kingdoms, was deeply interlinked, reflecting the sociopolitical, religious, and intellectual climate of the time. Art was not merely aesthetic but acted as a medium to communicate knowledge, values, and ideological principles, while ganyajñāna (epistemological systems or knowledge traditions) both shaped and were shaped by artistic expression. During the Delhi Sultanate, Persian influence led to significant developments in calligraphy, miniature painting, architecture, and literature. The courtly culture emphasized aesthetics rooted in Persian-Islamic traditions, where art was an embodiment of knowledge—especially religious, mystical, and moral knowledge. Calligraphy, for instance, was not simply an art form but a spiritual act in Islamic culture. Quranic verses were inscribed on monuments like the Qutub ______ _____ ________ ________ ________ _________ __________ ____ __________ ____.
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