निम्नलिखित का हिंदी में अनुवाद कीजिए :

A) Indian literature of the twentieth century is a memorable record of the triumph and tragedy of the Indian people involved in the most significant engagement in their history the struggle for Independence and the challenges that followed the achievement of that goal. Never before the Indian writer was so anxious about the political fate of her/his country and so involved was she/he in the ideologies governing its polity, and even challenging the validity of his perceptions of art and history and his vision of India. Indian literatures written in different languages began to negotiate with the changes in the literary community since the beginning of the nineteenth century that witnessed the introduction of the printing press, the riseof a new middle class under a new educational dispensation, and the slow decline of the traditional patronage system. All these resulted in a split within the community of the audience-reader of the pre-printing days, between the vast section of the illiterates totally denied of the new education and the small group of English-educated middle class.

B) Andhra Pradesh is located on the southeast coast of India near the Bay of Bengal. It is the tenth largest State in terms of population and the eighth largest in terms of area. It shares borders with the States of Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and the Union Territory of puducherry (Yanam). Major rivers of South India such as Godavari, Krishna and Tungabhadra flow through Andhra Pradesh. The coastline is about 1,000 kms along the Coromandel Coast. The Eastern Ghats including the Nallamala range of forests are the other major geographical features. The early history of Andhra is generally traced to the times of the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka. The chronicles of Megasthenese, the famous Greek traveler during the Mauryan era, reveal the richness of Andhra culture. The Satavahana dynasty ruled Andhra for a long time. Gautamiputra Satakarni was the greatest ruler of the Satavahana Empire in the 2nd century CE. Buddhism flourished during this period. Subsequently, different regions of the present-day Andhra Pradesh were ruled by the Eastern Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Bahmanis, Vijayanagar Kings, Qutb Shahis, the Mughals, Asaf Jahis and the British.

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