Formal and Informal Work Groups

Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning

Models of men

Theory of Attribution

Team effectiveness

Bureaucratic theory

“Stress is psychological concept leading to both biological and behavioural disorders and is caused by a host of factors”. Discuss and explain the different stressors.

What is organisational change? Discuss the forces influencing the organisational change? “As the change is introduced in an organisation, it may face the resistance by the organisational members”. Elaborate.

Essay writing (200 words) :

Many young boys and girls enrol themselves for their education with institutions imparting education through distance mode.

Write an essay on the topic and include the following information :

(a) Why you think they do so ?

(b) What are its advantages and disadvantages ?

(c) Should this mode of education be made popular ? How ?

Letter writing (150 words) : 

You have recently shifted to a new house in your city. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter :

(a) say where the new house is;

(b) explain why you shifted; and

(c) invite your friend to come and spend some time with you.

Choose the correct answer (i), (ii) or (iii) and fill in the blanks : 

a) The teacher asked us where .............. going.

(i) were we

(ii) we were

(iii) you are

(b) This is the shortest .............. to the station.

(i) route

(ii) root

(iii) rout

(c) Had you warned us, we .............. .

(i) would avoid this cab

(ii) would have avoid this cab

(iii) would have avoided this cab

(d) .............. your shoes here before entering the temple.

(i) Loosen

(ii) Take off

(iii) Open

(e) Our services are available .............. a reasonable price.

(i) at

(ii) in

(iii) with

(f) Unfortunately, they .............. their father recently.

(i) last

(ii) lost

(iii) loss

(g) Politics .............. never been my cup of tea.

(i) have

(ii) were

(iii) has

 (h) They sighted a .............. of ship sailing in the sea.

(i) fleet

(ii) pack

(iii) swarm

(i) The motor-cycle .............. the pole in the early hours.

(i) dashed against

(ii) hit with

(iii) hit on

(j) They chose her .............. leader of their team.

(i) the

(ii) a

(iii) an

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words given in brackets :

(a) Population grows ........ when mortality levels fall.     (quick)

(b) As a country develops, the structure of its ............ must change.    (employ)

(c) As people become richer, patterns of ............ change.           (consume)

(d) The role of public education must have a ............ goal than individual businesses.       (broad)

(e) Cultural ............ is our country’s strength.        (diverse)

Which is the correct spelling of the word ? Choose the correct option (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) :

 (a) (i) forefeit

(ii) forefeete

(iii) forfeit

(iv) fourfeit

(b) (i) leisure

(ii) leasure

(iii) lesure

(iv) leizure   

(c) (i) konvenience

(ii) convenience

(iii) convenince

(iv) conviniense

(d) (i) heriditory

(ii) hiriditary

(iii) hereditory

(iv) hereditary

(e) (i) rekruitment

(ii) recruitment

(iii) ricrutment

(iv) recrootment

Rewrite the following sentences as shown below. Fill in the blanks in the answers as indicated. One is done for you (any ten) : 

(a) No other school in this region has so good a library as our school. Our school has the best library in this region.

(b) The Principal rarely misses her class. It is very .............. Principal misses her class.

(c) She is too old to walk on her own. She is so old .............. on her own.

(d) Despite the long weekend, they did not go out. In spite .............. they did not go out.

(e) Everyone appreciated her dressing sense. Her dressing sense .......... by everyone.

(f) You essay is better than my essay. My essay .............. as yours.

(g) There was no error in our estimate. We did not find ............. in our estimate.

(h) We wanted to arrive on time and so we left early. We left early because ............ on time.

(i) The rock was so heavy that we could not lift it. The rock was too heavy for us ............ .

(j) They asked her to explain her conduct. She was .............. her conduct.

(k) Anil is one of the strongest boys in the school.

Very few boys in the school .............. .

Fill up the blanks (a to j) in the following passage, choosing (i), (ii) or (iii) from the list below :

ole of television in promotion Hindi Indian television used to be dominated by Doordarshan, the state broadcaster, which supplied staid national and regional programming. When private companies were (a) to operate in 1992, commercial channels proliferated there are now over 300 satellite channels (b) in India, and more than half of households have a television. Commercial channels in India need to (c) the widest audience at the lowest (d) and this has resulted in a focus (e) a few languages. However the main beneficiary language is not English but Hindi. Hindi reaches a much (f) audience for general entertainment channels and (g) media companies the greatest returns. Hindi entertainment is thought to account for 55 per cent of advertising (h) and so can justify high levels of investment in production values. Even English films are (i) dubbed into Hindi before broadcast. Hindi is finally spreading because (j) wants to watch the best television programmes.

(a)      (i) allowing    (ii) allowed     (iii) allow

(b)      (i) received     (ii) receipt     (iii) reached

(c)      (i) receive      (ii) reach        (iii) teach

(d)      (i) costly       (ii) costing       (iii) cost

(e)       (i) on           (ii) with           (iii) in

(f)       (i) huge         (ii) largest       (iii) larger

(g)       (i) offers       (ii) suffers         (iii) serves

(h)       (i) value        (ii) revenue       (iii) avenue

(i)         (i) ever        (ii) often           (iii) never

(j)         (i) anyone     (ii) no any      (iii) everyone

Look at the following words and phrases taken from the reading passage. Match them with the correct meanings given in the box. Two are extra :

                           Passage 2

The whole of the next day Sambu was in great excitement. In his classroom whenever his master took his eyes off him for a moment, he leant over and whispered to his neighour, ‘My father was paid ten thousand rupees to act in that film. I am seeing it this evening. Aren’t you also coming ?’

‘To see Kumari !’ said his friend. No way !

I won’t even pass that way ? ‘This is not like other Tamil films. My father used to read to us the story every night. It is a very interesting story. He wrote the whole story himself. He was paid ten thousand rupees for writing and acting. I will take you to the picture if you are also coming.’

‘I won’t see a Tamil picture. I can’t understand the language.’

‘This is not an ordinary Tamil picture. It is as good as an English picture.’ But Sambu’s friend was adamant. Sambu had to go alone and see the picture. It was an attempt at a new style in Tamil films–a modern story with a minimum of music. It was the story of Kumari, a young girl who refused to marry at fourteen but wanted to study in a university and earn an independent living, and was cast away by her father (Sambu’s father) and forgiven in the end.

III. State whether the following statements are True or False, according to the story : 

(a) Sambu was in great excitement that evening.

(b) Sambu wanted his friend to see this film.

(c) The film ‘Kumari’ was a good English film.

(d) Sambu’s father paid ten thousand rupees for writing the story of this film.

(e) Sambu’s father both wrote the story of ‘Kumari’ and also acted in it.

(f) The film had a modern story but there was no music in it.

(g) It was the story of a young girl, named Kumari.

(h) The girl was just 14 when her father wanted her to marry. 

(i) The girl refused to marry as she was just fourteen.

(j) Kumari was never given for her refusal to marry.

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow :

                                 Passage 1

There are two main methods of irrigation. These methods vary according to the climate, the crops, and the available water resources. In tropical and mediterranean countries, water is usually brought to crops by a network of surface ditches. This is known as surface irrigation. In Europe and the U. S. A. water is usually pumped from a stream through pipes and sprayed on the field from above; this is called overhead irrigation.

Overhead irrigation is the most natural system of supplementing water supplies since water is made to fall on the crops like rain. Although impractical in some countries because of the expensive equipment and technical skill required, this system saves much water as only half the amount of water is used than with surface irrigation.

In this system, a pump lifts water from a stream or reservoir and drives it under pressure through pipes, which can be permanently dug in or moveable. When it reaches the field to be irrigated, the water is forced out of a spray and falls to the ground as droplets. Two types of spray are mainly used : the rotating rain gun or the small sprinkler, which also rotates; and the perforated pipe; which is most often used to irrigate vegetable crops. The rotating sprayer can be used for many crops, including grass, root crops, orchards (where it is mounted on a high tripod), and vegetables. Besides being cheaper in water than surface irrigation this method saves the work of digging and maintaining ditches.

I. Answer the following questions by choosing the correct option (i), (ii) or (iii) :

(a) There are mainly two methods of irrigation. These are :

(i) surface irrigation and variable method.

(ii) surface irrigation and overhead irrigation.

(iii) tropical method and rainwater method.

(b) The method of irrigation used usually depends on :

(i) whether the country and its people are rich or poor.

(ii) the network of surface ditches in the country.

(iii) the climate the crops and the available water resources.

(c) Overhead irrigation is not practical in some countries because :

(i) of expensive equipment and lack of technical skill required.

(ii) water reservoirs may not have adequate water.

(iii) this method uses just half of the amount of water.

(d) Overhead method is the most natural system of irrigation because :

(i) it forces water to fall with pressure.

(ii) just half the amount of water is used.

(iii) water is made to fall like rain.

(e) Tropical countries usually adopt ............. method.

(i) surface irrigation

(ii) overhead irrigation

(iii) pumping from stream

Write an article for the newspaper about free rides for women in buses and the metro. Do you feel all women deserve this facility even though they may be in the higher pay bracket ? What are your views on this decision of the government ?

Write in about 250 words.

You wish to join a choreography institute to take up dancing as a career. Discuss with your parents why you want to do this. You will need to convince your parents who would like you to go for any other regular course. Use the dialogue form for this discussion.

Write in about 250 words.

Write a letter to the Sales Manager of Bloom Electronics, New Delhi, placing an order for a microwave cooker. Ask for the discount admissible as you are buying it for a students’ hostel.

Write in about 150 words.