Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow :
Passage 1
There are two main methods of irrigation. These methods vary according to the climate, the crops, and the available water resources. In tropical and mediterranean countries, water is usually brought to crops by a network of surface ditches. This is known as surface irrigation. In Europe and the U. S. A. water is usually pumped from a stream through pipes and sprayed on the field from above; this is called overhead irrigation.
Overhead irrigation is the most natural system of supplementing water supplies since water is made to fall on the crops like rain. Although impractical in some countries because of the expensive equipment and technical skill required, this system saves much water as only half the amount of water is used than with surface irrigation.
In this system, a pump lifts water from a stream or reservoir and drives it under pressure through pipes, which can be permanently dug in or moveable. When it reaches the field to be irrigated, the water is forced out of a spray and falls to the ground as droplets. Two types of spray are mainly used : the rotating rain gun or the small sprinkler, which also rotates; and the perforated pipe; which is most often used to irrigate vegetable crops. The rotating sprayer can be used for many crops, including grass, root crops, orchards (where it is mounted on a high tripod), and vegetables. Besides being cheaper in water than surface irrigation this method saves the work of digging and maintaining ditches.
I. Answer the following questions by choosing the correct option (i), (ii) or (iii) :
(a) There are mainly two methods of irrigation. These are :
(i) surface irrigation and variable method.
(ii) surface irrigation and overhead irrigation.
(iii) tropical method and rainwater method.
(b) The method of irrigation used usually depends on :
(i) whether the country and its people are rich or poor.
(ii) the network of surface ditches in the country.
(iii) the climate the crops and the available water resources.
(c) Overhead irrigation is not practical in some countries because :
(i) of expensive equipment and lack of technical skill required.
(ii) water reservoirs may not have adequate water.
(iii) this method uses just half of the amount of water.
(d) Overhead method is the most natural system of irrigation because :
(i) it forces water to fall with pressure.
(ii) just half the amount of water is used.
(iii) water is made to fall like rain.
(e) Tropical countries usually adopt ............. method.
(i) surface irrigation
(ii) overhead irrigation
(iii) pumping from stream
I. Answer the following questions:
(a) The correct answer is (ii) surface irrigation _______ _____ _______ _____ ___ _______ _____ _______.
_______ ____ ______ ____ _____ __________ __________ _________ ____ ___.
__________ ___ _______ ___ __________.
_________ _______ _______ _____ __________ ____ ______.
____ ______ ____ _________ _______ __________ ________ _________ ______ _______.
________ _____ ____ _________ ___ ____ ___ ____.
_________ ________ ______ ________ __________ ___.
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