b) What is a Gibbs paradox? How did it arise?
See Answer →a) Establish Boltzmann relation between entropy (S), and thermodynamic probability
A triangular wave of V amplitude and 10 MHz frequency is generated at the output of an op-amp. Calculate the minimum slew rate of the op-amp used.
Design a zener regulator to give regulated 10 V dc output with maximum load current of 100 mA. Consider that input unregulated dc supply is 15 V and Write down the voltage and power ratings of the zener diode and power rating of series resistor Rs for your circuit.
b) Derive Einstein’s formula for mean square displacement of a Brownian particle.
See Answer →Explain the process of generating oscillations in a Wein bridge oscillator
See Answer →a) State the principle of equipartition of energy. Write a relation between number of degrees of freedom, number of particles constituting the system and the total number of constraints. Calculate the degrees of freedom for (i) single atom, (ii) diatomic molecule.
See Answer →Design a universal bias for a class-A CE-amplifier (Fig. 4.11c of your study material) using NPN transistor for the following parameter values: and
Obtain the values of
and
c) Using Maxwell’s relations, prove second energy equation:
Discuss its physical significance.
See Answer →b) Draw Carnot cycle on (i) and (ii)
diagrams. With the help of diagram, show tha
where
is the amount of heat absorbed at temperature
and
is the amount of heat rejected at temperature
See Answer →
a) Explain the statement “entropy of earth-sun system increases” in the light of the principle of increase of entropy.
See Answer →Design a basic band pass filter comprising of a series combination of a T-section high pass filter and a T-section low pass filter to pass the frequencies between 10 kHz and 100 kHz. Take K = 100 for HPF and K = 400 for LPF.
See Answer →c) Write the expressions for the work done for (i) paramagnetic substance, and
(ii) stretched wire. Calculate the work done on the steel wire of length 2.5 m and
area of cross-section is suspended from torsion head when a 5 kg weight is suspended at its free end. Take
Explain the different between a FET and MOSFET on the basis of their construction and working.
See Answer →Using superposition principle obtain the current flowing through load resistor in the circuit shown in Fig. 1.
b) Explain the working of a platinum resistance thermometer with the help of a neat and labelled diagram. State the reasons for using platinum for the construction of a resistance thermometer.
See Answer →a) A reversible process can only be idealised and cannot be achieved in practice. Justify.
See Answer →e) Write an expression for the partition function for an ideal gas made up of N indistinguishable particles. Using this expression, obtain Sackur-Tetrode equation.
See Answer →State, with reasons, whether the following statements are True or False:
i) Kirchoff’s voltage law is valid only for passive element circuits.
ii) In a series resonant circuit, minimum current flows at resonance frequency.
iii) Higher form factor implies better rectification efficiency.
iv) Class A amplifier provides distortion free operation at the cost of efficiency.
v) LC oscillators are not preferred for generating low frequencies.
vi) Operational amplifier is the only type of amplifier available in IC form.
vii) In a regulator IC, the head room should be as large as possible.
viii)It is possible to build any gate using combination of only OR gates.
ix) D-latch uses edge triggering.
x) Mod-7 counter requires 4 flip-flops.
See Answer →