a) State the principle of equipartition of energy. Write a relation between number of degrees of freedom, number of particles constituting the system and the total number of constraints. Calculate the degrees of freedom for (i) single atom, (ii) diatomic molecule. 

The principle of equipartition of energy, rooted in classical thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, states that in thermal equilibrium, energy is distributed equally among all degrees of freedom of a system. This principle is fundamental in understanding the behavior of systems at thermal equilibrium.

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