समवकार रूपक को लक्षण सहित स्पष्ट कीजिए ।

भास विरचित उदयन कथाश्रित नाटकों का संक्षिप्त वर्णन कीजिए ।

प्रतिमानाटक के आधार पर राम का चरित्र-चित्रण कीजिए ।

अधोलिखित पद्यांशों की ससन्दर्भ व्याख्या कीजिए: -
(अ)     आरब्धे पटहे स्थिते गुरुजने भद्रासने लङ्घिते
              स्कन्धोच्चारणनम्यमानवदनप्रच्योतितोये घटे ।
        राजाहूय विसर्जिते मयि जनो धैर्येण मे विस्मितः
              स्वः पुत्रः कुरुते पितुर्यदि वचः कस्तत्र भो ! विस्मयः ?
                                अथवा
        हृदय ! भव सकामं यत्कृते शङ्कसे त्वं
              शृणु पितृनिधनं तद् गच्छ धैर्यं च तावत् ।
        स्पृशति तु यदि नीचो मामयं शुल्कशब्द-
              स्त्वथ च भवति सत्यं तत्र देहो विशोध्यः ॥

(ब)     पातुं न प्रथमं व्यवस्यति जलं युष्मास्वपीतेषु या
              नादत्ते प्रियमण्डनाऽपि भवतां स्नेहेन या पल्लवम्।
        आद्ये वः कुसुमप्रसूतिसमये यस्या भवत्युत्सवः
              सेयं याति शकुन्तला पतिगृहं सर्वैरनुज्ञायताम्॥

अथवा
        सङ्कल्पितं प्रथममेव मया तवार्थे
              भर्तारमात्मसदृशं सुकृतैर्गता त्वम् ।
        चूतेन संश्रितवती नवमालिकेय-
              मस्यामहं त्वयि च सम्प्रति वीतचिन्तः ॥
(ग)     वहति जलमियं पिनष्टि गन्धानियमियमुद्धूयते स्रजो विचित्राः ।
        मुसलमिदमियञ्च पातकाले मुहरनुयाति कलेन हुङ्कृतेन ॥
                                          अथवा
        उल्लङ्घयन् मम समुज्ज्वलतः प्रतापं
              कोपस्य नन्दकुलकाननधूमकेतोः ।
        सद्यः परात्मपरिमाणविवेकमुढः
              कः शालभेन विधिना लभतां विनाशम् ॥

 Explain the concept of Education as per the pragmatic School of Thought.

 Briefly explain the educational implications of creativity.

Discuss Experiment as a method of Educational Psychology with its merits and limitations.

How equity helps to achieve equality in education? Explain with a suitable example.

Explain the concept of social change and social mobility.

Describe the emerging role of School for the development and education of the child.

 Describe the major recommendations of National Education Policy (NEP, 2020) on Higher Education with special reference to Structure of Higher Education.

Critically analyse Individual, Social and Democratic aims of education with citing examples in favour and against of each type of aims of education.

What is the role of ICT in educational management? Mention any two tools/processes (e.g., e-governance, MIS/ERP) and one practical use in institutional administration.

Differentiate between globalization, internationalization, and privatization in education. Mention one impact of each on Indian education policy/planning.

Discuss institutional accountability and autonomy in education. Why is autonomy demanded, and what kinds of accountability measures are commonly used in academic institutions?

Explain the idea of quality assurance in education and mention any two mechanisms/agencies/frameworks used in India to ensure quality (e.g., NAAC, NBA, NIRF, QCI).

What are the key features and challenges of higher education in India? Briefly explain how college and university education are managed and where major governance issues arise.

 Write a short note on school education structure in India, from pre-primary to secondary/senior secondary, highlighting key management/administrative concerns at any one stage.

Critically examine the contribution of major educational commissions in shaping Indian education. Discuss the key recommendations and limitations of any two (e.g., University Education Commission, Secondary Education Commission, Education Commission/Kothari Commission, National Knowledge Commission) and comment on how far their ideas influenced later educational policies.

Explain how the Indian Constitution shapes the structure and management of education in India. In your answer, discuss any three constitutional provisions/ideas (e.g., guiding principles from the Preamble, education as a right, Centre–State responsibility), and explain their implications for policy and educational governance.