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The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of India, enacted in 1992 and came into force in 1993, marked a significant transformation in the structure of governance by strengthening local self-government institutions. These amendments gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), promoting decentralization, democratic participation, and inclusive governance. From the perspective of gender and governance, these amendments are particularly important because they created institutional spaces for women’s political participation and leadership at the grassroots level. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act relates to rural local governance and added Part IX to the Constitution, dealing with Panchayats. It established a three-tier Panchayati Raj system consisting of Gram Panchayats at the village level, Panchayat Samitis at the intermediate level, and Zila Parishads at the district level. The ___ ____ ________ ________ __________ ___.
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