Write a note on the significance of biodiversity and critically evaluate difference between the in-Situ and Ex-Situ conservation.

Biological diversity is the variety of all life forms ranging from unicellular organisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa to multicellular organisms like plants and animals and their genes of which they are a part of.

Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services that critically contribute to human well-being.

According to the most widely accepted definition of Biodiversity,  “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.” 

Significance of Biodiversity:

• Biosphere is a life supporting system to the human race. Each species in the biosphere has its own significance.
• It is the combination of different organisms that enables the biosphere to sustain human race.
• Biodiversity is vital for a healthy biosphere.
• Biodiversity is must for the stability and proper functioning of the biosphere.
• Besides these biodiversity is so important due to having consumptive use values, productive use
• values, social values, ethical values and aesthetic values.

Biodiversity conservation, the practice of protecting and preserving the wealth and variety of species, habitats, ecosystems, and genetic diversity on the planet, is important for our health, wealth, food, fuel, and services we depend on. It plays an integral role in supporting many sectors of development.

• Food security depends upon natural resources that form the basis of food production.  Biodiversity conservation protects plant, animal, microbial and genetic resources for food production, agriculture, and ecosystem functions such as fertilizing the soil, recycling nutrients, regulating pests and disease, controlling erosion, and pollinating crops and trees. At the same time, unsustainable agricultural _________ ________ ______ ________ ________ __________ __________ ______ ________ _______ ________ ________.
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